In some species, a clear distinction of aggressive and advertisement calls is difficult or impossible, and a hyperextended vocal repertoire is observed especially in highly motivated individuals (e.g., Amnirana nicobariensis, Dendropsophus minutus, Polypedates leucomystax, Boophis madagascariensis: Jehle & Arak 1998 Narins et al. Aggressive and advertisement calls might be part of a graded signaling system in which components of the call can be gradually adjusted according to social context, for example, by the distance between interacting males (Schwartz 1986 Wagner 1989a, c Grafe 1995 Jehle & Arak 1998 Reichert 2013a reviewed in Wells 2007 andin Toledo et al. This means that the evolution of sexual signal complexity in frogs may be susceptible to selection for plasticity related to adjusting performance to the pressures of competition and supports the idea that more complex social contexts can lead to greater vocal complexity. In so doing males minimize the energy costs and maximize the benefits of competition when the level of competition is high. Males produce calls with a higher ratio of notes / call and more compound calls including more A notes but fewer B notes with contest escalation. Using male evoked vocal response experiments, we found that competition influences the temporal structure and complexity of vocal signals produced by males. Male serrate-legged small treefrogs (Kurixalus odontotarsus) produce compound calls that contain two kinds of notes, harmonic sounds called A notes and short broadband sounds called B notes. Thus, we hypothesized that males may change signal elaboration in response to competition in real time.
Male-male vocal competition in anuran species is critical for mating success however, it is also energetically demanding and highly time-consuming.
CALLNOTE PREMIUM KEY SERIES
Each volume is independent and authoritative taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field.
The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of synthetic reviews of fundamental topics dealing with auditory systems. Fay is Director of the Parmly Hearing Institute and Professor of Psychology at Loyola University of Chicago. Popper is Professor in the Department of Biology and Co-Director of the Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing at the University of Maryland, College Park. Albert Feng is Professor in the Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology & Bioengineering, Neuroscience Program, Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, and Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Peter Narins is Professor in the Departments of Physiological Science, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, the Brain Research Institute and the Center for Tropical Research at the University of California, Los Angeles. The intended audience ranges from senior undergraduates to physiologists, zoologists, evolutionary biologists and communication This integrated approach guides each chapter and provides a neuroethologically-driven and evolutionary basis for our understanding of acoustic communication and its underlying mechanisms. The chapters are written by experts currently investigating the physiology and behavior of amphibians both in the laboratory and in the field. Hearing and Sound Communication in Amphibians is a compendium of the latest research on acoustic communication in these highly vocal vertebrates. The evolutionary signi®cance of an extended vocal repertoire, matched counter-calling and a randomĬall note production scheme is discussed. Transitions during spontaneous calling revealed that call note pairs occurred inconsistently and unpredictably. At the higher playback levels, we identi®ed one sequence of iambic notes thatĬonsistently evoked a signi®cant iambic note response from males. Levels, there was a signi®cant tendency for males to produce rip notes in immediate response to either rip or
Natural habitat to determine the functional signi®cance of several of the call notes.
Playback studies using a subset of the call notes as stimuli were carried out in the animals' madagascariensis revealed no obvious adaptations for unusual glottal ¯exibility orįunction. Type, there remain eight distinct call notes produced by this species. Even considering all `iambic' notes as variants of one Pulsatile `iambic' notes consisting of up to 23 pulses. The calls range widely in spectralĬharacteristics from a narrowband, nearly pure-tone to broadband `rip' notes, to even broader band, Represents the largest known call repertoire of any amphibian. Call notes made by males of this species were classi®ed into 28 types. Vocalizations of Boophis madagascariensis (Rhacophoridae) males were recorded in a mid-elevation rainįorest in eastern Madagascar.
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